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In 1998 and 1999, the National Science Foundation created a grant program known as the Knowledge and Distributed Intelligence initiative. The purpose of this initiative was to span the scientific and engineering communities in developing the next generation of human capability to generate, model, and represent more complex and cross-disciplinary scientific data from new sources and at enormously varying scales. The program would help transform this information into knowledge by combining and analyzing it in new ways, deepen our understanding of learning and intelligence in natural and artificial systems, explore the cognitive, ethical, educational, legal, and social implications of new types of learning knowledge, and interactivity; and collaborate in sharing knowledge and working together interactively.

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Cummings, J. N., & Kiesler, S. (2005). Collaborative research across disciplinary and organizational boundaries. Social Studies of Science, 35(5), 703-722.